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qing dynasty revolt
The Qing Dynasty Revolt took place in 1911, when a group of revolutionaries in Wuchang began an uprising that abruptly turned into a nationalist revolt. The Revolution was in southern china, aimed to revolt against the Qing Dynasty and re-establish the country as the Republic of China, thereby ending the imperial system that they had used for so long. As the Qing Dynasty fell into decline, it made a few last minute efforts for constitutional reform in order to avoid complete abolishment of the imperialist system.
In 1905, the court abolished the examination system, which had limited political power to elites who passed elaborate exams on Chinese classics. (Qing Dynasty Timeline)
The court also worked to modernize its military and elected assemblies for increasing provincial self-government, all in a futile attempt to win back the Chinese people. Although the Qing court maintained a degree of control within China in these years, millions of Chinese living overseas began pressing for either widespread reform or outright revolution, which ultimately caused the downfall of China's imperial system. (The Chinese Revolution of 1911)
*The Qing Dynasty Revolt does not have an official name, it is mainly referred to as the Chinese Revolution of 1911, however for purposes of this map we will call it the Qing Dynasty Revolt.*
In 1905, the court abolished the examination system, which had limited political power to elites who passed elaborate exams on Chinese classics. (Qing Dynasty Timeline)
The court also worked to modernize its military and elected assemblies for increasing provincial self-government, all in a futile attempt to win back the Chinese people. Although the Qing court maintained a degree of control within China in these years, millions of Chinese living overseas began pressing for either widespread reform or outright revolution, which ultimately caused the downfall of China's imperial system. (The Chinese Revolution of 1911)
*The Qing Dynasty Revolt does not have an official name, it is mainly referred to as the Chinese Revolution of 1911, however for purposes of this map we will call it the Qing Dynasty Revolt.*
RUSSO-JAPAN
In 1904, the Japanese attacked the Russian fleet at Port Arthur before the formal declaration of war was received in Moscow, surprising the Russian navy and earning an early victory. Over the course of the next year, the two forces clashed in Korea and the Sea of Japan, with the Japanese scoring significant, but costly, victories. At the battle over Mukden, the Russians lost 60,000 soldiers and the Japanese lost 41,000 soldiers (The Russo-Japan War). By 1905, the combination of these losses and the economic cost of financing the war led both countries to seek an end to the war, and what finally did end the war was the Treaty of Portsmouth.
The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. The negotiations took place in August in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and were brokered in part by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.
Panama Canal
President Theodore Roosevelt began the longed for American goal, a trans-isthmian canal, in 1903. Throughout the 1800s, American and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Panama declared independence on November 3, 1903, allowing the Americans to build the Canal, which had previously been forbidden by Columbia. The newly declared Republic of Panama immediately provided the United States with a 10-mile wide strip of land for the canal, a one-time $10 million payment to Panama, and an annual annuity of $250,000 (Building the Panama Canal).
Panama declared independence on November 3, 1903, allowing the Americans to build the Canal, which had previously been forbidden by Columbia. The newly declared Republic of Panama immediately provided the United States with a 10-mile wide strip of land for the canal, a one-time $10 million payment to Panama, and an annual annuity of $250,000 (Building the Panama Canal).
Philippine-American wAr
After the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spain finally relinquished its colony to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. The colony that they gave up was the Philipines. Two days before the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, the Filipino nationalists fought back.
The Filipinos wanted to be independent people instead of just changing who their governing power was. The Americans refused to grant this request and the Philippine-American War lasted three years, resulting in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. (The Philippine-American War)
The Filipinos wanted to be independent people instead of just changing who their governing power was. The Americans refused to grant this request and the Philippine-American War lasted three years, resulting in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. (The Philippine-American War)
Japanese-american tension
Japan and the United States clashed during the League of Nations negotiations in 1912 when the United States refused to accept the Japanese request for a racial equality clause or an admission of the equality of the nations (Japanese American Relations). The persistent issues preventing accommodation continued to be racial equality (especially with regard to the treatment of Japanese immigrants in the United States) and differences in how to address expansion in Asia. At first it appears that the Japanese and American are almost allies, as they both have similar interests, however this is blocked by both the continual rejection of racial equality and the U.S. Senate worrying about the affiliations of Japan with China.
Cuba
In 1901 The Platt Amendment was created between Cuban citizens and American government. The Platt Amendment’s conditions prohibited the Cuban Government from entering into any international treaty that would compromise Cuban independence or allow foreign powers to use the island for military purposes. The United States also reserved the right to intervene in Cuban affairs in order to defend Cuban independence and to maintain “a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty.” Other conditions of the Amendment demanded that the Cuban Government implement plans to improve sanitary conditions on the island, relinquish claims on the Isle of Pines, and agree to sell or lease territory for coaling and naval stations to the United States (The United States and Cuba). The amendment also required the Cuban Government to conclude a treaty with the United States that would make the Platt amendment legally binding, and the United States pressured the Cubans to incorporate the terms of the Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution (Platt Amendment (1903)).
Works cited
"Building the Panama Canal, 1903–1914 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." Building the Panama Canal, 1903–1914 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal>.
"Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/roosevelt-and-monroe-doctrine>.
"The Chinese Revolution of 1911 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian."The Chinese Revolution of 1911 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/chinese-rev>.
"The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war>.
"The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, 1901 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, 1901 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/platt>.
"Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/roosevelt-and-monroe-doctrine>.
"The Chinese Revolution of 1911 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian."The Chinese Revolution of 1911 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/chinese-rev>.
"The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war>.
"The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, 1901 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, 1901 - 1899–1913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/platt>.